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Using a VPN is a terrific way to protect your internet traffic when you are traveling, but it's not a solution for encrypting your local files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a back door to get beyond the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI had to hire hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a back door or similar hack exists, it will become a target, a decoration for the bad guys. It'll flow sooner or later. In a discussion at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the bad guys can't get in either. .

All of the products in this roundup explicitly state they have no back door, and that is as it ought to be. It does mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget that the encryption password, you've lost it for good.

Back in the day, in the event that you wanted to maintain a document key you can use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you might lock it up in a protected. The two main methods in encryption utilities parallel those options.

One sort of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. Another creates a virtual disk that, when open, behaves like any other drive on your system. When you lock the digital drive, each the documents that you put into it are completely inaccessible. .

Like the virtual drive solution, a few products store your encrypted data in the cloud. This approach requires extreme care, obviously. Encrypted data in the cloud has a much larger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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That is better It really depends on how you plan on using encryption. If you're not sure, take advantage of this 30-day free trial offered by each one of these products to have a feel for the different options.

Once you copy a file into protected storage, or make an encrypted version of it, then you absolutely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even in the event that you skip the Recycle Bin, because the data still exists on disc, and data retrieval utilities can often get it back. .

Some encryption products avoid this issue by encrypting the document in place, literally overwriting it on disc with an encrypted version. It's more common, though, to offer secure deletion as an option. If you select something that lacks this feature, you ought to find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting data before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based recovery tools. Hardware-based forensic recovery functions because the magnetic recording of data on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It is more of a waveform. In simple terms, the process involves nulling out the known information and reading around the borders of what's left.

An encryption algorithm is like a black box. Dump a document, picture, or other document into it, and you get back what sounds like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, with the see this site exact same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has depended on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and all of the products gathered here support AES. Even those that support other calculations tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption specialist, you might prefer another algorithm, Blowfish, possibly, or even the Soviet government's GOST. For the average user, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you have to keep them secret, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you receive two keys. One is public; you can discuss it with anyone, register it in a key exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you like. Another is personal, and should be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a key document, I simply encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this program in reverse, you can create a digital signature which proves your document came from you and hasn't been altered. How Just encrypt it with your private key. The fact that your public key decrypts it is all of the proof you need. PKI service is less common than service for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to share a file with someone and your encryption tool doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products allow creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You could also find that the recipient can use a complimentary, decryption-only tool.